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Acceptance Tests in Utilities
This presentation is a course that offers a methodology for the installation of new protocols based on IEC-61850 such as PTP and its interconnection with legacy signals such as IRIG-B.
MIAMI July 15th 2022
Communications in evolution
As result of the convergence process in the Power Grid, a new standard was released, the IEC 61850, that defines a set of Ethernet-based protocols. The IEC 61850 objective is to facilitate the interoperability (between devices and systems), ease of configuration (allocation of functions to devices), long term stability (layered, object-model based design), and reliability (lossless network architectures) to replace wire communications.
Evolution of the digital communication in the substations
The basic architecture of electricity transmission and distribution changed very little during the first 100 years. However, in recent decades, the concept of Smart Grid emerged thanks to the massive use of digital technologies to increase efficiency, resilience and quality of the service. Smart Grid require a Telecom Data Network to communicate all the elements of the Power System, including Generation plants, Substations and Customers in order to increase the efficiency, resilience and quality of the power grid, while allowing advanced management.
1 – Legacy Substations
What to Test
- Serial communication: RS-232, RS-422, V.35, V.36
- IRIG-B: timing accuracy
- E1/T1: voice [and timing]
Objectives
- Serial communications
- Timing quality
- Voice circuits
2 – Convencional Substations
What to Test
- Serial communication data: RS-232, RS-422, V.35, V.36
- IRIG-B: timing
- E1 / T1: pulse, voice, data
- C37.94: one-way / two-way delays, event emulations
- Teleprotection: One-way delay
- Ethernet capacity/quality: RFC 2544, eSAM, etc.
Objectives
- Check and adjust teleprotection based on C37.94
- Check the quality of the Ethernet network
3 – Digital Substations
What to Test
- Serial communication data: RS-232, RS-422, V.35, V.36
- IRIG-B: timing
- E1 / T1: pulse, voice, data
- Ethernet: RFC 2544, eSAM, etc.
- IP: ping, trace route
- Fiber Optic: Power, OTDR
- NTP: message, delays, jitter, TE
- Teleprotection: C37.94, One-way delay, Quality
Objectives
- Check the teleprotection times C37.94
- Check and adjust IRIG-B and NTP synchronisms
- Check the quality of the Ethernet network
- Install and maintain fiber optics
4 – Test in IEC-61850 Substations
What to Test
- Serial communication data: RS-232, RS-422, V.35, V.36
- IRIG-B: time
- E1 / T1: pulse, voice, data
- C37.94: delays, event emulations
- Teleprotection: Unilateral delay
- Ethernet: RFC 2544, eSAM, etc.
- IP: ping, tracking route
- MPLS-TP
- Fiber Optic: Power, OTDR
- NTP: message, delays, jitter, TE
- PTP: Wander, PPS, TE
- GOOSE: analysis / capture / decoding
- SV: analysis / capture / decoding
- MMS: analysis / capture / decoding
- Master / slave clock emulation
- IEC-61850: delay of protocols
Objectives
- Guarantee the interconnection between different manufacturers
- Interconnection of new and old PTP-NTP-IRIG-B synchronism
- Install and develop new protocols like GOOSE