Controlling jitter in E1 and T1 lines is required for maintaining the reliability, accuracy, and quality of digital communication ensuring proper synchronization, data integrity, and performance in timing, voice and data applications.

One-Way Delay test is important for verifying IEEE C37.94-compliant teleprotection systems because it directly assesses critical aspects such as timing, fault response, coordination, compliance with standards, and overall network reliability.

Round Trip Delay test over C37.94 is critical in teleprotection applications, where timely and accurate message communication is essential for the proper operation of protective relays and the quality of the power service.

This test involves introducing simulated disturbances into the C37.94 channel to assess how the teleprotection can handle adverse conditions as it can be subject to signal distortion, noise, interference, and other that can affect its reliability.

The Through Mode test is performed to ensure that the communication equipment correctly supports the C37.94 standard, allowing data to pass through without being processed; the xGenius or Zeus tester verifies that this functionality works correctly.

The PTP Utility profile is tailored for utility applications, particularly power distribution and smart grid systems, to ensure accurate time synchronization among devices in these critical infrastructures.