This paper analyzes critical parameters that must be provided by an optical link based on MPLS-TP to satisfy the demand of protection schemes. Impedance protection is sensitive to latency while differential require symmetry that must be assured.

While the fundamentals of the power grid remain, digital technologies have transformed its operation, leading to the development of a smarter, more efficient and resilient grid. Let's look at how new communications are being deployed and tested.

One of the xGenius advantages is the ability to simulate different PTP entities at the same time with multi-port configurations. This note deals with one of these configurations that enables the unit to simulate two PTP slaves at the same time.

GNSS is not only critical for verifying the accuracy of protocols such as PTP, SyncE, IRIG-B, 1PPS or NTP, but it is also required for one-way delay (OWD) measurements with two testers and for generating transmission and timing protocols.

Counts, statistics, LEDs provide info about the events and how they were recorded, but they do not say much about how they are distributed in time. This information provides the logger with a representation to track the evolution of key parameters.

The use of Ethernet, MPLS, and IEC-61850 in power grid networks enables the deployment of robust and scalable infrastructures, as well as the use of standard protocols that facilitate interoperability, control, and service efficiency.